Shes Come Undone: Female Voice :: Shes Come Undone

She's Come Undone:   Female Voice  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  One of the most interesting aspects of She's Come Undone is the fact that it is written by a man but is told from a female's point of view. Because of his gender, it is impossible that Lamb could have experienced many of the hardships that Dolores must deal with in his novel. However, Lamb writes with a certain understanding of Dolores and her pain. In She's Come Undone, Lamb addresses issues often avoided by male authors, including female friendships and abortion. His convincing female voice has been critically acclaimed. Lamb writes about female friendships as if he has experienced them first-hand. His knowledge of the extreme trust that exists in these relationships is exemplified through the friendship between Dolores and Roberta. Dolores tells Roberta of her rape even before she tells her own mother (Lamb 112). It is only through Roberta's companionship that Dolores experiences true happiness. When Roberta comes to live with her, Dolores finally feels secure with herself and her surroundings (419). Roberta and Dolores each provide much needed encouragement for the other (422-423). Dolores takes care of Roberta during failing health, and Roberta provides Dolores with encouragement to continue her education and move on with her life. On the other hand, Lamb addresses the negative aspects of female friendships. This is best exemplified in the relationship between Dolores and Kippy, her college roommate. Dolores feels the need to impress Kippy. She writes a letter that presents a false but seemingly more attractive persona (146). She is too insecure to comfortably present her real self. Dolores is rejected by the other girls at college because of her physical appearance. The first person to befriend Dolores is the dorm janitor, Dottie. When Dolores realizes that the other girls in her dorm do not approve of Dottie, Dolores abruptly ends their friendship (201). Dolores and Roberta's friendship also has its negative points. After a petty argument, Roberta falls and is hospitalized. Dolores feels that she is solely responsible. Lamb realistically describes the guilt that can accompany some female relationships. Another area in which Lamb exhibits a certain expertise on womanhood is abortion. Many argue that women react differently to such an event than men do. Dante says that he is in mourning, but he can still go about his day everyday activities. His life does not alter in the slightest (340).

Domestic Violence Against Women

Domestic abuse against women In her news article, the spokesperson for amnesty international describes domestic violence as a worldwide phenomenon that violates the human rights of female victims (Mite, 2005). In addition, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) described violence against women as â€Å"a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and maims – physically, psychologically, sexually and economically. It is one of the most pervasive of human rights violations, denying women and girls equality, security, dignity, self-worth, and their right to enjoy fundamental freedoms† (UNICEF, 2000).I agree with the above assertions because violence against women is so rampant and it happens in all spheres of life, be it in homes, work places, on the streets, learning institutions, and during moments of war and peace alike. Because of the pervasiveness of domestic violence against women and its devastating physical and psychological effects, my paper will be focusin g on domestic violence against women in Canada.I believe that domestic abuse against women should be eradicated in this twenty-first century because it breeds psychic disempowerment, mental distress, and affects women’s health, wellness and self esteem. The question that this paper will address is the following: what resources should be made available to support female victims of domestic violence who are currently living with an abusive partner, or have recently left an abusive relationship? The paper will begin with a definition of domestic violence, followed by a discussion of resources and the nursing role.According to Etter and Birzer (2007), domestic violence occurs when a partner or former partner inflicts physical harm on someone with whom they have or previously had an intimate relationship. This physical harm can result in major or minor injury, and can be inflicted with or without a weapon. Researchers have identified supportive counseling as beneficial to female v ictims of domestic violence (Madoc-Jones & Roscoe, 2010; McNamara, Tamanini, & Pelletier-Walker, 2008). The emotional support that counseling offers can help female victims of domestic violence identify trengths and assets that they may not have been aware they possessed because their partners’ criticisms may have left them feeling worthless and feeling incapable of taking action to alter their circumstances. Working with a counselor would enable the women to develop a healthy self-image, become aware of their resilience and personal strength, and they may begin to see themselves as survivors of domestic violence as opposed to victims. By becoming aware of their strengths, women may begin to feel empowered and capable of mobilizing their personal resources to take steps towards leaving the abusive relationship.Counseling can also provide female victims of domestic violence with an opportunity to reduce their feelings of self-blame for the abuse they receive when they are made aware of the prevalence of domestic violence and the factors that contribute to it, such as patriarchal social structures, income differentials between men and women, and cultural norms that condone the use of physical aggression against women. This knowledge would help reduce their feelings of isolation and blame because they would understand that they are not alone in their experience of domestic violence.Because of the economic dependency of women on their abusers (Sanders, Weaver, & Schnabel, 2007), the social structure has placed women on the receiving end by keeping them down economically through lower wages and less opportunities for employment (Sanders, Weaver, & Schnabel, 2007). As a result, it can be argued that belonging to a low income group and economic dependence, among other factors, may be linked to higher rates of spousal assault against women. Many low income female victims of domestic violence are at a high risk of developing psychological problems such as depres sion, stress, and low self esteem (Hare, 2010).They are also emotionally attached to the abuser to the extent that they cannot leave a relationship for fear of being left alone in a wretched economic situation (Hare, 2010). As a result, some may be worried about child support and financial assistance, and others may be afraid of the threats of retaliation and abduction of children by the abuser. Given that economic dependence is significant in domestic abuse, there is a need for victims to create their own economic independence. In this way, women would no longer look at men as the sole bread winners of the family or providers of childcare and financial ssistance, and they would be able to support themselves financially if they were to leave their abusive partners. To implement the above, the government needs to provide access to job training and education geared towards female victims of domestic violence. This could serve as a fundamental tool that dismantles a vicious cycle of op pression, abuse and poverty of women. Given that the nursing profession plays an important role in public health, nurses can use their skills to advocate on behalf of the abused by creating awareness about the impact of domestic violence against women.Advocacy could also involve referrals to resources for women, such as counseling services and shelters for women leaving abusive partners, as well as providing victims with information about how to protect themselves against abuse, helping them develop a safety plan, and helping to reduce their feelings of self-blame and shame by highlighting the pervasiveness of domestic violence. This paper identified some of the resources that would provide support and assistance to female victims of domestic violence, such as economic support and counseling.The importance of economic support cannot be overlooked because financial independence can lead to improvements in psychological health and well-being, and creates the material means through whi ch these women can escape from an abusive relationship. In addition, counseling can reduce women’s isolation, self-blame, and help them identify their assets and personal resources, which can boost their self-confidence and provide them with the strength to leave the abuser.

Role of the Social Media in Social Movements Essay

Introduction The number of revolutions in the last 3 decades has increased, and seems to keep increasing. Civil unrest and protests brought many victims including civil and political figures throughout the world. In the era where technology is at the peak of its success, especially in communication technologies, mankind suffers from lack of communication. Problem is not caused by the technology itself, the problem is in human nature. I will continue with an analogy. Man invented the knife, which is very useful tool in our daily lives. The problem occurs when one thinks about the purposes that knife could be used. Story repeats itself with Newspapers and News Media. Technology improved the speed and the size that news can reach anywhere in†¦show more content†¦You can control what they believe if you can control what they have access to. In other words, if you can control what they can know the rest of it is a simple matter.† ~ John Perry Barlow Web is the next great revolution after industrial one. Why? Because it supercharges the information like the steam supercharged the physical force. In other words, web does the same thing for information as what steam for physical power. The web allows anyone to publish and distribute words, images, videos and software globally, instantly and virtually for free. Moreover, the pioneers who paved the way for the web thought of it as the ultimate empowering tool. Wikipedia is the example of how web empowers each and every one of us. It offers the knowledge for free; it undercuts authority and enables ordinary people to shape knowledge together. This idea could be traced back to 1960 when the counterculture, libertarianism began to take root. It was a mix of both left and right wing ideas and rejected state control, the legal system and censorship while emphasizing importance of individual free will. While the countercultural dream would disappear in the real world, in 1970 it founded place where these ideas would flourish. Previously, computers were in the hands of governments, military and big corporations, but now for the first time small and cheaper models began to put the technology in the hands of the people. And somethingShow MoreRelatedNetworks Of Outrage And Hope : Social Movements922 Words   |  4 PagesIn his book, Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age, Manuel Castells, a Spanish professor of sociology and communication, focuses on current social movements and protests in the world recently. Examples of such movements are the revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, and Spain. These revolutions demonstrate the role of social networks and the Internet which broadcast the details of these social movements. Each movement has social, cultural, and political aspects, which are whatRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Indigenous Collective Action1725 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the media. The media has played an important role in shaping perception on Indigenous collective action. But like the photo shows, Indigenous people have agency also used the media for their own gains. Today, the media portraying of Indigenous issues has undergone a major shift portraying native people more then previous stereotypes and showing complexity of Aboriginal identity. The major turning point for this representation is often place on the rise of the #Idle no More movement and its useRead MoreEssay on Nonviolent Resistance Helped by Communication Methods1251 Words   |  6 PagesNon-violent activism has played a critical role in several transitions from authoritarianism like, the withering away of the Soviet Union and the Apartheid in South Africa. For many activists, non-violent action has become an effective way to achieve social or political goals. Peter Ackerman and Christopher Kruegler, the authors of â€Å"Strategic Nonviolent Conlfict: The Dyn amics of People Power in the Twentieth Century,† mention how the appearance of non-violent action as a weapon of choice in resolvingRead MoreSocial Network Media Benefits Feminism1448 Words   |  6 PagesOne specific event that proves that social network media benefits feminism was in 2014, with the hashtag #YesAllWomen. An incident happened in May 2014 where a young man, Elliot Rodger, expressed his hatred for women and he went on a shooting spree in Santa Barbara, California, targeting women. After this tragedy made the news, thousands of women posted on various social networks with the hashtag #YesAllWomen, in order to share the ways sexism and violence affects everyone in their daily life. ThisRead MoreSocial Media As A Powerful Tool928 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media is a powerful tool that can be used to aide in social movements and transformations. The speed, easiness, and ability to connect people are key aspects as to why social media plays a major role in organi zing social justice movements. I believe that one of the most important aspects of social media is that it is available for so many people to see and use. People are able to organize protests, spread information on important topics rapidly, and share updates on what is going on from anyRead MoreHow Media Has Shaped The Ages Through Music1273 Words   |  6 PagesHow Media Has Shaped the Ages through Music: Music is a medium that has shaped the ages in relation to its significant role in social movements. Actually, music has acted as one of the various methods and vehicles through which social movements have existed and developed. The role and significance of music in shaping the ages is primarily attributed to the fact that it represents more than entertainment as it has spoken for generations and exemplified belief systems. Generally, music has had aRead MoreHow Language Influences Success When Using Social Media For Starting And Sharing Different Social Justice Movements1509 Words   |  7 Pageswhen using social media for starting and sharing different social justice movements. This research will be able to help future social justice advocates spread their message effectively in the future. This research project will go over several different factors of language like gender, age personality and location (Benjamin et al, Schwartz et al) and the Red Equal Sign Profile Picture Ca mpaign led by the Human Rights Campaign. The Red Equal Sign Profile Picture Campaign is a social movement advocatingRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pages Media Research Literature Review The rise of Social Media and its impact on the Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectificationRead MoreThe Role of Social Media in Political Rallies1276 Words   |  5 Pagesmobile and social media had taken an important role in contemporary civil protests and rallies especially in Asia due to the socio-political background. Sunflower movement, a protest that took place in Taiwan earlier this year in March will be used as the case study for the topic. Due to the lack of academic resources about this new event, news article and internet resources will be my main approach of research for the movement. This essay will discuss the topic by discussing how social media can beRead MoreThe Egyptian Revolution And Th e Arab World1453 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor tool and function. In order to ensure that every member provided a unique perspective on the Egyptian revolution, we created a project script and assigned roles based on individual interest with Amanda being the main facilitator of the Facebook simulation and in charge of the analytical perspective of the Arab Spring in Egypt. Alex s role was researching the political background and climate in Egypt before the revolution occurred to highlight the turmoil present in the government. I was interested

Persuasive Writing - 1044 Words

Nowadays persuasive writing is one of the most common types of writings used in the world. It contains only one or perhaps several arguments and offers support for the main claim in order to convince the reader of the writer’s opinion. The primary focus is to change the way the reader thinks about a specific argumentation or claim. In order to obtain desirable results, the writer needs to be aware of the audience the script could have, and the general purpose of the writing itself. For instance, how the context of the message is written, sometimes is not perceived the same way, specifically when the audience believes on the opposite view; therefore, by writing a specific persuasive argument there will not be any confusion or†¦show more content†¦Another strength I have developed is the correct use of semicolons. For example, in the first paragraph my peer-reviewed essay â€Å"The Effect of Video Games†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I used a semi colon to join a sentence that gave exa mples of games with â€Å"; however, some others are very popular also†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As these examples show, I have become more aware of the organization of the arguments, which is one way I have developed communication skills in my writing. Additionally to the two previous areas that I have developed over the course, it is also worth to mention that I have improved in the formatting of MLA, APA, and Chicago Style papers. Writing the works cited in my essay â€Å"Energy-Efficient Buildings in Asia†, bibliography in â€Å"Venezuelan Media Censorship†, and reference page and citing graphs in my essay â€Å"The Effect of Violent Video Games†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are some other strengths on the personal responsibility skills I acquired over this course. Regarding to some APA formatting issues, in the final draft of â€Å"Venezuelan Media Censorship† I had some problems with the page number on the in-text citations. However, on my revised essay I had the opportunity to solve that problem by adding a â€Å"p.† before introducing the page number of the source I cited. On the other hand, another weaknesses I presented over the courseShow MoreRelatedExpository Writing : Writing, Expository, Persuasive, Descr iptive, And Narrative757 Words   |  4 Pagesprobably not going to a job interview. Just like anything else, writing has different expressions. Writing is a form of communication; the person is writing to inform, persuade, describe, or tell a story. There are four main types of writing styles, expository, persuasive, descriptive, and narrative. We then choose what we want to read according to our interest in each category. Let’s look at expository writing. Expository writing is usually developed around one topic and is used to describe orRead MoreArgumentative Writing : Persuasive And Persuasive896 Words   |  4 Pages Argumentative and persuasive witting are sometimes hard to distinguish from one another. The goal of persuasion writing is to conquer or win over your audience while the goal of argumentative writing is to â€Å"convince by demonstrating the truth† (Barnet; Bedau, pg.71). Argumentative writing is defined as â€Å"a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.† There are many differentRead MoreImportance Of Persuasive Writing Skills In Writing784 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past two years, my persuasive writing skills have remained stagnant and have not grown much since I graduated from high school. The coursework of my chemical engineering classes has focused more on technical writing to convey data and facts to evaluate a hypothesis rather than to persuade a reader to think differently. However, I recognize that persuasive writing has a place in my education, and I am eager to grow my abilities over the course of the semester. In this self-assessment, I willRead MorePersuasive Writing and Stereotypes976 Words   |  4 Pagesour textbook defines stereotype in this manner, â€Å"is a thought or image about a group of people based on little or no evidence† (Moore and Parker, 2007, p. 122). This paper is to be in Rhetoric in style meaning that it â€Å"refers to the study of persuasive writing† (Moore and Parker, 2007, p. 118). In addition, this paper will include to further address and examine the stereotyping associated with Politicians, Tattooed persons, Feminists, Senior Citizens, and the positive and/or negative effects theyRead MorePersuasive Opinion Writing Essay1977 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasiv e Opinion Writing The Lesson Activities will help you meet these educational goals: 21st Century Skills—You will use critical-thinking skills and effectively communicate your ideas. Directions Please save this document before you begin working on the assignment. Type your answers directly in the document. _________________________________________________________________________ Self-Checked Activities Write a response for each of these activities. At the end of the lesson, clickRead MorePersuasive Writing : An Inexperienced Researcher2275 Words   |  10 PagesResearch is different from other forms of persuasive writing in that it relies on facts that have been acknowledged by the individual’s peers as truths regardless of what they believe in. When writing a research paper, your peers must be able to understand your reasoning that can be supported by varied forms of data such as figures, tables, images, etc. Your success is dependent on allowing your peers to validate your reasoning, and you being able to evaluate your findings. A researcher’s abilityRead MorePersuasive Speech - Original Writing843 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Frederick Plezno that is your LAST warning!† â€Å"Whatever.† I say with a snicker. Mrs. Smith, the literacy teacher, always checks her phone at 3:45, like clockwork. Probably checking to see if anybody is trying to get ahold of her. Ha, yeah right. Lets try to sneak out. â€Å"Frederick, I know your tricks.† She says with a smile of proudness. â€Å"Has anybody been unfortunate enough today by getting ahold of you?† I already start walking out the door because I know that remark deserves a detention. Sorry, thatRead MorePersuasive Essay - Original Writing1146 Words   |  5 Pagesthere was something to be said about coffee shops. or, rather, there was something to be said about the way they made taylor feel. the ambiance alone was enough to melt away at the ice in taylor’s life — the ice that’d been frozen for as long as she cou ld remember — and allow her to, for just a moment, feel okay. wholeheartedly, totally okay. not broken. not damaged. not inadequate. totally, wonderfully okay. it was a joke, though: the idea that taylor could believe, even for a split second, thatRead MorePersuasive Speech - Original Writing1024 Words   |  5 PagesShoved away at the back of the cupboard on the highest shelf I lay there waiting to be unexpectedly found by the wrong person or to be used to make people happy. Either way results in the end of my life. Bundled away where no one can see, Richard is the only one who knows where I am. I play with his thoughts and guilty conscious everyday making him fear every knock at the door. Richard continues to hide me from his wife; all I am to him is a bit of fun and extra income. I wish I had a helpful purposeRead MorePersuasive Speech - Original Writing1241 Words   |  5 PagesI woke up with my eyes shooting open, and my heart pounding as if my body just stopped moving completely. The yelling came right through the walls, and familiar voices rising above the sacred silence. As I went to go investigate, I opened my door only to see my father and brother in a heated argument, ready to fight. The explicit language coming out from my father’s voice frightened me because I knew what was going to happen next. My father threw the first punch, knocking down my brother to the floor

Physical Objects And Sense Data Essay - 1169 Words

Continuing the Table Debate: Physical Objects and Sense Data A highly debated subject among various philosophers is the existence of physical objects; if physical objects cause and resemble a person’s sense data and if objects exist outside of what is sensed. Descartes mentions a lack of trust in human senses, and does not believe that one can know what truly exists and what does not. Later on, Russell builds upon this idea, not necessarily doubting the existence of sense data, but doubting that anything can exist with absolute certainty. Hume goes further, saying that nothing exists outside of what illusion it creates in our mind. Exploring each of these philosophers arguments, I will state each of their positions and analyze the premises that they rely on. I will then give an alternative argument that builds on each of their ideas, proving that we cannot know that there are physical objects existing that cause and resemble our sense data, although most will agree that it is likely that there are. Notably, Descartes dedicates his firs t meditation to his views on what humans can doubt. This is where he addresses his position on the senses and the physical existence of objects. He begins this with the deception of illusion: senses can deceive. Sometimes what is seen is distorted from reality. He uses the example of a stick in water looking bent, even though it is not. Consequently, he concludes from this that it would be silly for him to assume that a table or chair that heShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Bertrand Russell ´s The Problems of Philosphy Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pages06455401 1) The philosopher Bertrand Russell in his work, â€Å"The Problems of Philosophy,† comes to some conclusions of the truth of objects in our world. Through questioning certain ideas and problems in our world, he breaks down what can know what really exists in the world and what does not. Russell, an empiricist, believes that through our sensory perception of our environment. However, our own individual perception can be skewed, and therefore is susceptible to err. Russell gives an example ofRead MoreAppearance Vs Reality Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagesthinking and challenge it from its set assumptions of having knowledge about an issue that is beyond doubt. The other reason as to why Russell developed the theory of appearance versus reality was to bring into focus the fact that real properties of objects are stable. Russell uses the example of sitting in a room where there is a chair and a table and he is constantly moving in the room. His movements have an effect on the table within the room. However, the changes that Russell observes do not originateRead MoreExploring the Differences Between Idealism and Representative Realism695 Words   |  3 PagesExploring the Differences Between Idealism and Representative Realism The two differences between idealism and representative realism are, realists believe that objects properties such as smell and taste exist in the object but representative realists disagree and believe that these need to perceive to exist. The second difference between idealism and representative realism is for idealists things only exist when perceived, whereas representative realism means thingsRead MoreRenee Pann . Mid Term Essay. John Locke’S Limited Representationalism. March 12, 2017. A. . Do You Ever1417 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiences and the direct objects we encounter are conceptions, not genuine objects. Locke explains that, â€Å" ideas are the objects of direct perception because physical objects are not in the mind, only ideas are, even though our ideas might resemble or be caused by physical objects.† (Schacht, 1984, lll; see also Locke, 1690, I, VIII, 8). The limited representationalism was based upon some of the properties of our sense data that reflects properties of matter that cause sense data. He additionally believedRead MoreRecreation of the Ideas of Edmund Husserl Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmust have a mental basis (Psychologistic Prejudices, 101). However, a distinction must be made between normative statements and descriptive statements that include normative motivations. It is an is-ought problem. Logic is normative and carries a sense of obligation, but the relation of logic to itself is descriptive. The second prejudice is similar; since logical inferences occur in the mind, they are based on human psychology [Psychologistic Prejudices, 108]. Through analogy, we can purport thatRead MoreEpistemology : Empiricism And Rationalism Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesour knowledge must come from sense experience that we have encountered, and there cannot be knowledge that doesn’t come from sense experience (Notes). O n the other hand, rationalism is the belief that humans can have another source of knowledge apart from sense experience, and that source of knowledge is reason (Notes). Most people would fall under the category of a rationalist because most people feel as if they have knowledge apart from just the things they sense and they do not question the validityRead MoreThe Causal Between Physical And Mental1629 Words   |  7 Pagesentire existence, both physical and mental are based on causally-connected events (Mackie, 1974). A causality is assumed when two contiguous events generate an effect. It is when a cause gives rise to an effect, a relationship between the two events is presumed as all events must occur through causes. Searching for a cause provides an explanation and an understanding of why events occur (Salmon, 1984). We are continually seeking a cause for physical events, in order to make sense of them. UnderstandingRead MoreQuestions On Natural Knowledge Of God1679 Words   |  7 Pages2. Natural Knowledge of God in Insight Lonergan’s argument, I will offer my assessment of whether or not the constitution permits his philosophical means. Lonergan moves from treating God as an object of thought to treating God as an object of affirmation by way of an argument: â€Å"If the real is completely intelligible, God exists. But the real is com ¬pletely intelligible. Therefore, God exists.† I will refrain from elaborating on the argument itself; works doing this are available. What is importantRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Internet Of Things791 Words   |  4 Pagesand heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. As a result, huge volumes of data are being generated, and that data is being processed into useful actions that can â€Å"command and control† things to makeRead MoreOptical And Analog Image Processing752 Words   |  4 Pagescomputer graphics and computer vision. In computer graphics, images are manually made from physical models of objects, environments, and lighting, instead of being acquired (via imaging devices such as cameras) from natural scenes, as in most animated movies. Computer vision, on the other hand, is often considered high-level image processing out of which a machine/computer/software intends to decipher the physical contents of an image or a sequence of images (e.g., videos or 3D full-body magnetic resonance

Chess vs Human Free Essays

It is hard to distinguish between that that is better in chess Human or Artificial Intelligence. Some would say humans because of their critical thinking and throwing computer off guard. And others would say artificial intelligence like Deep Blue because of its capability to calculate upto 4,000,000 chess moves per second as compare to human chess player who could only calculate upto three moves in a second. We will write a custom essay sample on Chess vs Human or any similar topic only for you Order Now But in my opinion I think human has the upper hand. Human plays better chess than Artificial Intelligence. We know that presently computers can only use the intelligence that is load in it. It is not capable of thinking anything else as human minds can do so. All the moves that computer make are based on the series of calculations and this all based on the positions of the pieces on the chessboard. A computer chess program like Deep Blue makes its move by using its evaluation function. The evaluation function is an algorithm that measures the chess position. Positions with positive values are good for ‘White’ and positions with negative values are good for ‘Black’ (IBM Research – Deep Blue – Overview). Here is where I think that human has the upper hand while playing chess with an artificial intelligence. Human chess players use their skills, judgment and previous experiences to decide about the moves they are going to make next (Connor, 1993). And artificial intelligence moves are based on its algorithms and so a human chess player can disturb its algorithms making an unusual move that artificial intelligence does not recognize. In 1996, Gary Kasparov beat Deep Blue by 4-2 in a â€Å"regulation-style match† held in Philadelphia. Although Gary Kasparov lost the opening game to Deep Blue but he came game back and won the game 2. â€Å"Gary Kasparov won in an interesting ending, though due to programming errors the computer in that game played without any opening database. Two draws followed. Kasparov’s second win came in Game 5 after the IBM programmers refused a draw offer even though Deep Blue considered the position roughly equal. In this game, Deep Blue demonstrated its lack of understanding of the danger of a kingside pawn majority. In Game 6, Kasparov totally outplayed Deep Blue by gaining a ecisive space advantage and by avoiding any weaknesses. In this game, Kasparov trapped the computer’s rook and bishop, in part because the IBM programmers had never properly adjusted a parameter that signals when bishops are trapped† (Lesson 4: Deep Blue vs. Kasparov). Here a human player skills, experience and critical thinking helped him to win the match against artificial intelligence. Also it also shows that artificial intelligence has flaws in its. And how can it not have flaws. Artificial intelligence is created by us ‘Humans’. And we are not the perfect being on this planet. So how could we create something that is better or at our level in every circumstance of the life? We could not. We tried cloning and we failed in it to. So how could we create an artificial intelligence that is by no means different from us? We are not God, so we could not create anything like what He has created. â€Å"Although Man has done a pretty good job in creating his own complexities here on Earth, they’re still nowhere near what Nature has done on her own†(Artificial intelligence vs. Human intelligence). Furthermore, the human brain has the capacity to do anything. Its possibilities are endless, which is why the imagination is so powerful. And computers lack the traits of humans; they are tools for our use and are limited physically. Computer cannot do anything on its own. Series of arguments and methods are inserted in it in order to preform an action. â€Å"But humans have the capacity to store information indefinitely, seeing as how we cannot be rebooted or turned off/on†(Intelligence: Artificial vs. Human). Also â€Å"The human brain is the most complex part of the human body if not the most complex subject known to human kind. Although a computer may work on a complicated series of circuits and processors it is a relatively simple item to understand in comparison to the human brain. So many important functions of the brain is beyond our understanding and has un-quantifiable properties† (Artificial Intelligence). Thus a simple program, which uses artificial intelligence by no means, is capable of beating a complex human brain. Another important point is that Howard’s mentioned is that intelligence suddenly changed in the last 30 years, while several putative causal factors had been present since 1920, such as the fact that chess became a popular sport, many illions played. Also chess participation rate was very high, chess was taught in schools and factories, and was identified early and given special training, sizeable government salaries, and overseas travel. Howard’s reasoning is that if these factors, rather than rising general intelligence, were the explanation for the decreasing age of younger chess top players after 1970 (Howard 1999). Its would not be reasonable to say that humans minds have no limits to its critical thinking but it has the power to make the correct decision while the artificial intelligence may not be capable of doing that. All the artificial intelligence has is memory and the programs that are in it to perform the action. It cannot think on its own. It works on the algorithms and as soon as it is disturbed, artificial intelligence gets confused and makes the wrong moves. But a human chess player if in the same situation can make the right move that is need using his critical thinking, which is why I think that human play better chess than artificial intelligence. How to cite Chess vs Human, Papers

Competition and Consumer Commission Law

Question: Discuss about the Competition and Consumer Commission Law. Answer: Introduction: According to the case study the issue has been arises whether Susan is entitled to have all the fortunes from his husband after their divorce or she was only entitled to have $100,000 according to the contract which has been formed at the time of marriage? As per the case study it is a case of contract law. When a contract was formed it make the concerned with the legal enforcement of promises where the terms of contract has been made freely and have common intention to make a legal relationship between the parties. It has sets particular of terms where as per the basis of such terms a contract can be formed under the Australian contract law. The terms of the contract are agreement where proposal and acceptance must be included, consideration, capacity to contract, intention to create legal relationship and certainty of the contract. If a contract fails due to the dissatisfied these terms then it will never form a valid contract. In the case of Administration of PNG v Leahy (1961) the court has found that the terms of contacts are missing when the contract has been formed. It also failed to establish improper legal relationship due to the failure of the illegal intension between the parties which make the contract completely invalid. Another case is Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth High Court of Australia (1954) where the contract has failed to form due to the dissatisfaction of the terms of contract. According to the terms of contract there was no consideration, condition and legal intention has been found by the court which makes this contract completely void. Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) is another case of contract law where a Court has not found the legal intention in the formation of the employment contract. Therefore without the consideration of the circumstances a contract never be formed under the Australian contract law. As per the facts of the case when Tom proposed Susan he promised to bring her to Australia, give her a house to live in, a car to drive and keep her safe but on the day of wedding he asked her to sign a contract where he mentioned about $100,000 in the event of a divorce or he will cancel the wedding. According to the contract law it is important to application of the terms which are agreement where proposal and acceptance must be included, consideration, capacity to contract, intention to create legal relationship and certainty. Therefore as per the case facts the contract is completely invalid because while the formation of the contract it not establishes any legal intentions between the parties. Tom has already make promises to his wife before the marriage to provide her every Fortune when he will marry her. Therefore Susan has right to claim every Fortune which has been promised before the marriage and the agreement which is made at the time of marriage has failed to satisfy the terms of contract. Therefore no contract has been formed. As for the case study it is a case of contract law where the terms of contract have been breached by one party. Contact can be formed between two or more than two parties where they must carry the terms of contract which are proposal and acceptance, consideration of the contract, capacity to create the contract, legal intention for the formation of the contract and certainty of the terms. In the case of Airloom Holdings Pty Ltd v Thales Australia Ltd [2011] the court has found that the contractor has claimed damages for the termination of contract where the terms of the contract has been breached by the aggrieved party. Revelations Perfume and Cosmetics Inc. v. Prince Rogers Nelson is another case of contract under the Australian contract law where the court has found that the parties who are involved in the formation of the contract has failed to exercise their duties as per the term of the contract. Therefore it has been beached and the innocent party has claimed the damages from the aggrieved party. Therefore it can be stated that it is important to form a contact it must established and stated every terms clearly for make the contract valid. As per the terms of the contract it has five essential elements for the formation for legally binding the contract. Those are: Offers and acceptance which describe that there should be an agreement has been formed where one party will make the offer while other party accept the offers. Consideration as defined as per the value of the money or property or any service or any promise where exchange should be exercise then a contract can be formed. The capacity to enter into a valid contract define the parties should be sound mind and complete the age of minority where they can participate in the formation of the contract. The intention defines to establish a legal relationship between the parties. The invalid legal intention never forms a valid contract. The certainty has defined where the contract should be formed completely clear and binding to each other at the time of formation of the contract. According to the fact of the case Steve has stated to Jason that he will buy the car if it had a turbo engine, paint window and Leather seats. After installation of everything Jason has it cost $50,000 but Steve stated that he was not interested to buying the car. As per the terms of the contract a legal contract has been formed between Jason and Steve. Therefore Steve is bound to buy the car from him otherwise Jason can take legal action against the breach of the contract. It can be concluded that due to the formation of a legal contract Steve was legally bound to buy the car from Jason because he has made the consideration to buy the car as per his choice and Jason already installed every requirement which cost him some amount. Therefore Jason has right to take legal action against Steve. As per the case study the issue has been arises whether Carl was liable for the negligence and if he found guilty with the offences then what will be the defenses he can obtain under the law of tort? Negligence has defined when failure has been found of the application of appropriate and ethical rules under some circumstances. Negligence can occur when a person has failed to exercise their duties and reasonable care and cause of damages. Under the negligence the person who is guilty with the act of negligence he can obtain for defense which is known as contributory negligence. It defines the liability of the negligence applicable for both the plaintiff and defendant. Bankstown Foundry Pty Ltd v Braistina [1986] is one of the famous cases of contributory negligence where Court has found the liability of negligence by both of the plaintiff and defendant. Therefore the damages which have been caused due to the negligence should be divided the liability and compensation between the plaintiff and defendant. The another case is Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel [1985] where the court has found that due to the negligence by both of the workers and the contractor, they found liable for the damages. The contributory negligence basically exercises for the defense which claimed due to the negligence by the defendant. It helps to defense the potentially eliminate the responsibility of the defendant for paying the damages to the injured plaintiff. It also divides the legal responsibilities between the plaintiff and defendant. According to the fact of the case Carl is not skilled chef which is required to cook sashimi from fugu fish. Harry who was hungry, ate the preparation of sesame by fugu fish which causes him sickness and spend two weeks in the hospital. Here as per the fact of the case Harry has knowledge about the poisonous effect of having fugu fish but in spite of that knowledge he ate the food and not for cleaning properly by Carl it has affected Harry. Carl has owned the duty of care towards Harry while serving food to him. However he has failed to satisfied the terms of duty of care due to his negligence and it cause both physical injuries to Harry. Here Harry is also liable for his damage as because he had the food while having the knowledge that Carl was not a skilled chef who can cook the fugu fish properly. It is a case of contributory negligence where both plaintiff and defendant are equally liable for the negligence. Therefore if the court has ordered for the compensation then it will be divided between them as both of them are liable for the negligence act. As per the facts of the case is whether Betty has owned any legal rights under the Australian consumer law to take any legal action against the company who are engaged with misleading and deceptive conducts? The Australian consumer law has registered for the protection of the consumer for the fair trading under the Australia. It helps to set the consumer rights and guarantees and provide the protection to the consumer for repair, replacement and refund when they suffered with any damages or loss due to the faulty service. Under the Australian consumer law the section 18 has defined the legislation which provides every trade or commerce from misleading and deceptive conducts. The registration of ACL has made the standards of business conduct in the market. It helps to protect the consumers for the trade or commerce from every misleading and deceptive conducts. The Miletich v Murchie (2012) which is one of the famous case of Australia where the court has found that the company was involved with the advertising material that is related with the misleading and deceptive conduct. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission vs. Metricon Homes Qld Pty Ltd [2012] is another case of Australia where the misleading and deceptive conducts has been found through the application of the verbal representation in advertising material which has been related with such facts. The misleading and deceptive contacts have been prohibited under the Section 18 of Australian consumer law. The consumer and the developers has the right to use the legislation of this section where it has comply with the business and legal proceeding in selling and purchasing of the products. It helps to identify whether the seller has intentionally mislead the purchaser or they intentionally encourage the consumers for a wrong conclusion. It also helps to provide all information which defines the correct facts but represent false impression. This section also helps both the purchaser and seller through the agents of them not able to update the information about the obligation under the Australian consumer law. It also protects them where the agents have intentionally not added in information about the contract with the consumers. When the Seller has make silent reaction about the dispute of the product then the consumer law helps to protect us consumer from every misleading and dec eptive conducts. According to the fact of the case when Betty ordered the phone from the website of the company after seeing every features which she required in her new phone. After delivering of the phone she realized the features which she has been seeing before placing the order of the phone is not matched with the feature of the delivered product. Therefore it is clear that the company has involved in the misleading and deceptive conducts which is against the rule of Section 18 of Australian consumer law. Due to the damage which she has suffered for such acts by the company she can take legal action against them and claim the compensation. They became failures to comply with the terms of the Section 18 of ACL. Conclusion According to the case facts the company has found to engage with the misleading and deceptive contacts. Therefore Betty has rights to take legal action against the company according to the terms of Australian consumer law. Reference Administration of PNG v Leahy (1961) 105 CLR 6 Airloom Holdings Pty Ltd v Thales Australia Ltd [2011] NSWSC 1513 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Metricon Homes Qld Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 797 (Metricon) Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth High Court of Australia (1954) 92 CLR 424 Bankstown Foundry Pty Ltd v Braistina [1986] HCA 20 Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) 209 CLR 95 Miletich v Murchie [2012] FCA 1013 Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel [1985] HCA 34 Revelations Perfume and Cosmetics Inc. v. Prince Rogers Nelson